Sunday, September 6, 2009

イザベラ・バードの日本紀行 - Unbeaten Tracks of Japan

最近ブルータスの日本再発見の号の中でも紹介されていたイザベラ・バードの「日本紀行」を読んでいる。これが非常に面白い。彼女が日本を訪れたのは明治11年で、国が西欧化に邁進していた時期の真っ直中に、果敢にも女性一人で通訳の伊藤を従えて東京から日光を経て函館まで未開の東北内陸部を踏破した時の記録である。西洋人など目にしたことのない当時の山村集落の人々の野次馬と化す反応とか生活の様子が垣間見え、また我々が当たり前に使っていながら実は知らないその言葉の由来を130年前のこの本から教えてもらえたりもする。

彼女の観察は極めて冷静で、日光東照宮についての記述の細かさなど、その情報収集力には舌を巻く。この旅行記で彼女は山々の素晴らしい景色と人々の貧困に対する勤勉さと誠実さをたびたびメリットとしてあげているが、繰り返し西洋人の目線で未開の地域を酷評しているのが、6月にスタートした旅行での不快そのものの気候、蚊と蚤ばかりでしかもプライバシーというものが存在しない耐え難い住環境、裸同然の粗末で不潔な生活とまずい食事などだ。面白いのはキリスト教的倫理観を持つ彼女が見た日本人の宗教への不信感と生きることへの崇高な目的の欠如で、それはただ物質的豊かさの追求だと言っている。


I am reading “Unbeaten Tracks in Japan” by Isabella Bird whom the recent Brutus magazine referred to in the subject of rediscovery of Japan. The book is very interesting and amusing. She visited Japan in 1878 when the entire country was in the midst of rapid adaptation of the west, and she adventured to travel alone with a translator from Tokyo to Hakodate via Nikko through the uncivilized inland routes that no foreigners had attempted. We can visualize the reaction of people in the villages in mountains to see a white human being for the first time, their life and living, and this 130 year old book teaches me the origin of a few words that we commonly use today.

Her observation is accurate, and the detail of her description about Toshogu Shrine in Nikko is utterly astounding that indicates her ability of collecting information. As for merits of Japan, she often cites in this book the fascinating views of mountains here and there, and also the diligence and the honesty of people against the poverty. But the eyes of western explorer incessantly and intolerably criticize the climate that continues to be uncomfortable in the journey started in June, unbearable housing conditions with no such concept as privacy in any room but mosquitoes and flees everywhere, humble living without sanity, almost naked, and least enjoyable meals. A very interesting view being ethically a devout Christian was that she sees most Japanese distrust religions and lack a sublime goal of life but simply aim for materialistic prosperity.

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